// OptionParser
// Author: Nick Porcino
// Purpose: Sample code that implements a simple to use
// Command Line parsing class, based loosely on Python's OptionParser.
// Also included are simple versions of Join and Split
// This code is public domain, no warranty expressed or implied, 
// Functionality is thought to be correct, but it's up to you to make
// sure it does what you want.

#include "OptionParser.h"
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>

using std::vector;
using std::string;

// takes a string, and separates out according to embedded quoted strings
// examples
// abc > abc
// abc "def" > abc, "def"
// a "def" ghi > a, "def", ghi
// a\"bc > a\"bc
// as you can see, the quotes are preserved.
// and quotes are escaped

vector<string> Separate(const std::string& input)
{
    vector<string>output;

    size_t curr = 0;
    size_t start = 0;
    size_t end = input.length();
    bool inQuotes = false;

    while (curr < end)
    {
        if (input[curr] == '\\')
        {
            ++curr;
            if (curr != end && input[curr] == '\"')
                ++curr;
        }
        else
        {
            if (input[curr] == '\"')
            {
                // no empty string if not in quotes, otherwise preserve it
                if (inQuotes || (start != curr))
                {
                    output.push_back(input.substr(start - (inQuotes?1:0), curr - start + (inQuotes?2:0)));
                }
                inQuotes = !inQuotes;
                start = curr+1;
            }
            ++curr;
        }
    }

    // catch the case of a trailing substring that was not quoted, or a completely unquoted string
    if (curr - start > 0)
        output.push_back(input.substr(start, curr-start));

    return output;
}


// given a string, split it into components, at the splitter character.
// if escapes are allowed, an escaped splitter won't split
// if empties are allowed, empty strings will get pushed, otherwise not
// ";" yields two empties if empties are allowed, zero otherwise.

vector<string> Split(const string& input, char splitter, bool escapes, bool empties)
{
    vector<string> output;
    if (input.find(splitter) == string::npos)
    {
        output.push_back(input);
    }
    else
    {
        size_t curr = 0;
        size_t start = 0;
        size_t end = input.length();
        while (curr < end)
        {
            if (escapes && input[curr] == '\\')
            {
                ++curr;
                if (curr != end && input[curr] == splitter)
                    ++curr;
            }
            else
            {
                if (input[curr] == splitter)
                {
                    if (curr>start)
                    {
                        output.push_back(input.substr(start, curr-start));
                    }
                    else if (empties && curr == 0)
                    {
                        output.push_back("");
                    }
                    start = curr+1;
                    if (empties && (input[start] == splitter || start == end))
                    {
                        output.push_back("");
                        ++start;
                        ++curr;
                    }
                }
                ++curr;
            }
        }
        if (curr - start > 0)
            output.push_back(input.substr(start, curr-start));
    }


    return output;
}

string Join(const vector<string>& input, const string& join)
{
    string result;
    vector<string>::const_iterator i;
    for (i = input.begin(); i != input.end();)
    {
        result += *i;
        if (++i != input.end())
            result += join;
    }
    return result;
}

string Join(int argc, char* argv[], const string& join)
{
    string result;
    for (int i = 0; i < argc;)
    {
        result += argv[i];
        if (++i < argc)
            result += join;
    }
    return result;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
string Join(int argc, wchar_t* argv[], const string& join)
{
    char buff[256];
    string result;
    for (int i = 0; i < argc;)
    {
        int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
        assert (length < 256);
        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, buff, 256, NULL, NULL);
        result += buff;
        if (++i < argc)
            result += join;
    }
    return result;
}
#endif


vector<string> SplitCommandLine(const std::string& input)
{
    vector<string> strings = Separate(input);
    vector<string> args;
    vector<string>::const_iterator i;
    for (i = strings.begin(); i != strings.end(); ++i)
    {
        const string& test = *i;
        if (test[0] == '\"')
            args.push_back(test);
        else
        {
            vector<string> newstrings = Split(*i, ' ');
            for (vector<string>::const_iterator j = newstrings.begin(); j != newstrings.end(); ++j)
            {
                args.push_back(*j);
            }
        }
    }
    return args;
}


class SetTrueOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetTrueOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        bool& modMe,
        const std::string& helpString) : val(modMe)
    {
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return false; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return ""; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s) 
    { 
        val = true; 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Setting flag: " << help << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    bool& val;
};

class SetFalseOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetFalseOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        bool& modMe,
        const std::string& helpString) : val(modMe)
    {
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return false; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return ""; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s)
    { 
        val = false; 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Clearing flag: " << help << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    bool& val;
};

class SetStringOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetStringOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        std::string& modMe,
        const std::string& helpString) : val(modMe)
    {
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return true; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return "string"; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s)
    { 
        val = s; 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Setting string: " << help << "=" << s << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    string& val;
};

class SetIntOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetIntOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        int& modMe,
        const std::string& helpString) : val(modMe)
    {
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return true; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return "int"; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s)
    { 
        val = atoi(s.c_str()); 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Setting int: " << help << "=" << s << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    int& val;
};

class SetFloatOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetFloatOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        float& modMe,
        const std::string& helpString) : val(modMe)
    {
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return true; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return "float"; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s)
    { 
        val = (float) atof(s.c_str()); 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Setting float: " << help << "=" << s << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    float& val;
};

class SetCallbackOption : public OptionParser::Option
{
public:
    SetCallbackOption(const std::string& shortNameString, 
        const std::string& longNameString,
        void (*callbackPtr)(),
        const std::string& helpString)
    {
        callback = callbackPtr;
        shortName = shortNameString;
        longName = longNameString;
        help = helpString;
    }

    virtual bool HasArgument() const { return false; }
    virtual std::string ArgumentType() const { return "callback"; }
    virtual bool Action(const std::string& s)
    { 
        if (OptionParser::Verbose())
            std::cout << "Calling: " << help << std::endl;
        if (callback)
            callback();
        return true;
    }

    void (*callback)();
};


OptionParser::OptionParser(const std::string& appName) : stringCallback(0)
{
    name = appName;
}

OptionParser::~OptionParser()
{
    for (std::vector<Option*>::iterator i = options.begin(); i != options.end(); ++i)
    {
        delete (*i);
    }
}

namespace
{
    bool optionParserVerbose = true;
}

bool OptionParser::Verbose()
{
    return optionParserVerbose;
}

void Verbose(bool v)
{
    optionParserVerbose = v;
}



void OptionParser::StringCallback(
                                  void (*callback)(const std::string&),
                                  const std::string& help)
{
    stringCallback = callback;
    stringCallbackHelp = help;
}

void OptionParser::AddTrueOption(
                                 const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                 const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                 bool& modMe, 
                                 const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetTrueOption(shortOption, longOption, modMe, help));
}

void OptionParser::AddFalseOption(
                                  const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                  const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                  bool& modMe, 
                                  const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetFalseOption(shortOption, longOption, modMe, help));
}

void OptionParser::AddStringOption(
                                   const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                   const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                   std::string& modMe, 
                                   const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetStringOption(shortOption, longOption, modMe, help));
}

void OptionParser::AddIntOption(
                                const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                int& modMe, 
                                const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetIntOption(shortOption, longOption, modMe, help));
}

void OptionParser::AddFloatOption(
                                  const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                  const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                  float& modMe, 
                                  const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetFloatOption(shortOption, longOption, modMe, help));
}

//void OptionParser::AddFloat3Option(
//                                   const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
//                                   const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
//                                   float* modMe, 
//                                   const std::string& help)
//{
//}
//
//void OptionParser::AddFloat4Option(
//                                   const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
//                                   const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
//                                   float* modMe, 
//                                   const std::string& help)
//{
//}

void OptionParser::AddCallbackOption(
                                     const std::string& shortOption, // eg "-f"
                                     const std::string& longOption,  // eg "--file"
                                     void (*callback)(), 
                                     const std::string& help)
{
    options.push_back(new SetCallbackOption(shortOption, longOption, callback, help));
}

// default is to start parsing just beyond 0, which is the executable name
bool OptionParser::Parse(const std::string& commandLine, int firstOption)
{
    vector<string> args = SplitCommandLine(commandLine);

    enum ArgType { stringArg, shortArg, longArg };

    for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = args.begin(); i != args.end(); ++i)
    {
        ArgType argType;
        if ((*i)[0] == '-')
        {
            argType = (*i)[1] == '-' ? longArg : shortArg;
            if ((argType == shortArg && (*i).length() == 1) ||
                (argType == longArg && (*i).length() == 2))
            {
                std::cout << "Malformed argument: " << (*i) << std::endl;
                return false;
            }

            std::string arg = *i;
            std::string val;
            bool gotArg = false;

            if (arg.find('=') != string::npos)
            {
                vector<string> split = Split(arg, '=', false, true);
                if (split.size() != 2)
                {
                    std::cout << "Malformed argument: " << (*i) << std::endl;
                    return false;
                }
                arg = split[0];
                val = split[1];
                gotArg = true;
            }

            vector<Option*>::const_iterator j;
            for (j = options.begin(); j != options.end(); ++j)
            {
                if ((argType == shortArg) && ((*j)->ShortName() == arg) ||
                    ((*j)->LongName() == arg))
                {
                    if ((*j)->HasArgument())
                    {
                        if (!gotArg)
                        {
                            ++i;
                            if (i == args.end())
                            {
                                std::cout << "Missing argument for option: " << arg << " (" << (*j)->Help() << ")" << std::endl;
                                return false;
                            }
                            val = *i;
                        }
                    }

                    if (!(*j)->Action(val))
                    {
                        std::cout << "Bad argument for option: " << arg << " (" << (*j)->Help() << ")" << std::endl;
                        return false;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (j == options.end())
            {
                if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help" || arg == "/?" || arg == "-?" || arg == "?")
                {
                    Usage();
                }
                else
                {
                    std::cout << "Unknown option: " << arg << std::endl;
                    // could call unknown option callback here.
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (stringCallback)
                stringCallback(*i);
            else
            {
                std::cout << "Malformed argument: " << (*i) << std::endl;
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

// send all the Options' help strings to the output
// uses argument 0 to know what the executable name is
void OptionParser::Usage()
{
    std::cout << std::endl << "usage: " << name << " [options]" << std::endl << std::endl << "options:" << std::endl;
    std::sort(options.begin(), options.end(), AscendingOptionSort());
    for (vector<Option*>::iterator i = options.begin(); i != options.end(); ++i)
    {
        std::cout << "  ";
        if ((*i)->HasShortName())
        {
            std::cout << (*i)->ShortName();
            if ((*i)->HasArgument())
                std::cout << " " << (*i)->ArgumentType();
            if ((*i)->HasLongName())
                std::cout << ", ";
        }
        if ((*i)->HasLongName())
        {
            std::cout << (*i)->LongName();
            if ((*i)->HasArgument())
                std::cout << " " << (*i)->ArgumentType();
        }
        else
            std::cerr << "\t";
        std::cout << "\t" << (*i)->Help() << std::endl;
    }
    if (stringCallbackHelp.length() > 0)
        std::cout << "Stand alone string: " << stringCallbackHelp << std::endl;

    std::cout << std::endl;
}

std::string OptionParser::Canonicalize(const std::string& commandLine)
{
    std::string result;
    vector<string> args = SplitCommandLine(commandLine);

    enum ArgType { stringArg, shortArg, longArg };

    for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = args.begin(); i != args.end(); ++i)
    {
        ArgType argType;
        if ((*i)[0] == '-')
        {
            argType = (*i)[1] == '-' ? longArg : shortArg;
            if ((argType == shortArg && (*i).length() == 1) ||
                (argType == longArg && (*i).length() == 2))
            {
                std::cout << "Malformed argument: " << (*i) << std::endl;
                return false;
            }

            std::string arg = *i;
            std::string val;
            bool gotArg = false;

            if (arg.find('=') != string::npos)
            {
                vector<string> split = Split(arg, '=', false, true);
                if (split.size() != 2)
                {
                    std::cout << "Malformed argument: " << (*i) << std::endl;
                    return false;
                }
                arg = split[0];
                val = split[1];
                gotArg = true;
            }

            vector<Option*>::const_iterator j;
            for (j = options.begin(); j != options.end(); ++j)
            {
                if ((argType == shortArg) && ((*j)->ShortName() == arg) ||
                    ((*j)->LongName() == arg))
                {
                    if ((*j)->HasArgument())
                    {
                        if (!gotArg)
                        {
                            ++i;
                            if (i == args.end())
                            {
                                std::cout << "Missing argument for option: " << arg << " (" << (*j)->Help() << ")" << std::endl;
                                return false;
                            }
                            val = *i;
                        }
                    }

                    if (result.length() > 0)
                        result += ' ';
                    if ((*j)->LongName().length() > 0)
                        result += (*j)->LongName();
                    else
                        result += (*j)->ShortName();
                    
                    if ((*j)->HasArgument())
                    {
                        result += '=';
                        result += val;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (j == options.end())
            {
                if (result.length() > 0)
                    result += ' ';
                result += "UNKNOWN-ARG";
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (result.length() > 0)
                result += ' ';

            result += *i;
        }
    }
    return result;
}